I Know Dino Podcast Present Notes: Hylaeosaurus (Episode 240)

Episode 240 is all about Hylaeosaurus, an ankylosaur that was one of many first three named dinosaurs.

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On this episode, we focus on:

Information:

• Researchers questioned dinosaur comfortable tissue discoveries after discovering microorganisms dwelling on a Centrosaurus fossil supply
• A pair of huge Macroelongatoolithus eggs have been described from Southeastern Idaho supply
• In Zimbabwe, a staff of researchers discovered a 97% full dinosaur skeleton supply
• Potential proof of T. rex dwelling in teams was teased in Utah supply
• The Mukawa dinosaur shall be on show on the 2019 Dinosaur Expo supply
• The brand new ceratopsian from Colorado has been declared an “grownup Triceratops” supply
• The Boston Globe made a listing of stops in New England the place you’ll be able to see dinosaur tracks supply
• Downtown Drumheller, Alberta, Canada has a brand new dinosaur mural supply

The dinosaur of the day: Hylaeosaurus

• Ankylosaur that lived within the Early Cretaceous in what’s now England
• A part of the three authentic dinosaurs that Richard Owen based mostly Dinosauria on in 1842 (coated the opposite two, Iguanodon in episode 87 and Megalosaurus in episode 47)
• One of many first dinosaurs found
• Gideon Mantell found Hylaeosaurus in 1832
• Just a few fossils have been discovered, so not a lot is thought
• Holotype consists of the rear of the cranium, vertebrae, and a few spikes and armored plates
• Different fossils could also be referred to Hylaeosaurus from the Isle of Wight, France, Spain, Germany, and Romania, however many are thought of doubtful or may belong to Polacanthus
• Might have been a basal nodosaurid or a basal ankylosaurid
• Usually depicted as a typical nodosaur, with rows of plates on the again and tail and an extended head, with a beak to crop vegetation
• Shoulder spines curve again and are lengthy, flattened, slender, and pointed
• Had not less than three lengthy spines on its shoulder, and had physique armor
• Estimated to be as much as 20 ft or 6 m lengthy (Gregory Paul estimated it to be about 16 ft or 5 m lengthy and weigh 2 tonnes)
• Darren Naish estimated it to be between 9.8 to 13.1 ft (3 to 4 m) lengthy
• Mantell had thought it was 25 ft (7.6 m) lengthy, about half the dimensions of Iguanodon and Megalosaurus, and he thought it was like a contemporary lizard
• Kind species is Hylaeosaurus armatus
• Genus identify means “belonging to the forest lizard” or “of the wooden lizard”
• Named after the Tilgate Forest the place it was discovered. Later Mantell stated it imply “Wealden lizard”, one other phrase for forest, to consult with the Wealden Group, the formation the place it was discovered
• Species identify means “armed” or “armored” and refers back to the spikes and plates
• First fossils present in West Sussex
• Gideon Mantell wrote to Professor Benjamin Silliman in July 1832 after there was a gunpowder explosion that led to exposing some fossils in boulders. An area fossil supplier put collectively about 50 items and bought them to Mantell (extra bones than had been discovered of Megalosaurus and Iguanodon on the time)
• Hylaeosaurus was essentially the most full dinosaur skeleton discovered on the time
• Authentic specimen is now a part of the Pure Historical past Museum of London
• At first Mantell thought it was Iguanodon however William Clift, curator of the Royal School of Surgeons of England museum, seen it had physique armor (plates and spikes). Mantell determined to call the specimen Hylaeosaurus
• Mantell despatched Hylaeosaurus to the Geological Society of London, and met with Richard Owen, who advised him the paper he’d written about Hylaeosaurus was too lengthy. Mantell’s pal Charles Lyell advised him to jot down a ebook concerning the fossils he’d discovered and write a chapter on Hylaeosaurus. He wrote it in three weeks
• Mantell’s ebook, The Geology of the South-East of England, was printed 1833
• There have been 4 species, however solely the sort species continues to be thought of to be legitimate
• Different species included Hylaeosaurus oweni (Mantell named it to honor Richard Owen, however now thought of to be a junior synonym of Hylaeosaurus armatus), Hylaeosaurus northhamptoni (initially named Regnosaurus however renamed in 1956 by Alfred Romer), and Hylaeosaurus foxii (initially Polacanthus however renamed in 1971 by Walter Coombs), although neither Hylaeosaurus northmaptoni or Hylaeosaurus foxii have been accepted
• Can see Hylaeosaurus at Crystal Palace Dinosaur (we made a video after we visited https://youtu.be/w7G6ID3Prbc)
• Mark Witton wrote an in depth submit concerning the science behind the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs. He stated Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins didn’t all the time observe Richard Owen’s concepts on what the dinosaurs ought to seem like, and in some instances made them look extra like Mantell’s descriptions
• Hawkins additionally put spines in a single row alongside the midline, with a number of small scutes on both aspect (he went with Mantell’s imaginative and prescient as a substitute of Owen’s, with the only row)
• Owen in 1841 thought the spines have been really ribs (gastralia), as a result of they have been asymmetrical, however by 1854 he thought they have been spines and later thought there have been two rows of spines
• In 1841, Mantell wrote Memoir on a Portion of the Decrease Jaw of the Iguanodon, and on the Stays of the Hyloeosaurus and Different Saurians, Found within the Strata of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex by Gideon Mantell
• He describes in nice element his discover of Hyalaeosaurus, and the way most of the fossils have been destroyed by workmen (on accident), however that there was nonetheless robust proof of it being a brand new genus. He additionally describes the referred specimens (not thought of to be Hyaleosaurus), and consists of some sketches
• Mantell wrote he offered all the things to Richard Owen, and although he’s labored with artist M. Dinkel, they weren’t in a position to full recreating Hylaeosaurus, however he stated he didn’t remorse not ending the undertaking as a result of “the topic shall be elucidated by one much more competent to do it justice”
• Mantell additionally wrote, ” Faraway from the sector of my former labours, having disposed of my assortment, the fruit of twenty-five years assiduous analysis, and being engaged within the duties of an arduous career, this memoir is, most likely, the final contribution which it can ever be in my energy to supply on this fascinating division of paleontology. I due to this fact conclude these remarks within the spirit and within the language of the illustrious thinker, whose splendid discoveries and eloquent writings first drew my consideration to this department of pure science, and whose form and beneficiant help so usually inspired me to persevere in my investigations:-.” (wrote in French, interprets to) “I finish right here my work, and I go away it to my successors to domesticate a discipline which I’ve solely opened, and which actually will give them nonetheless richer harvests than all people who I used to be in a position to accumulate *”

Enjoyable Reality: If Gigantoraptor laid a full clutch of the Macrooelongatoolithus eggs that we mentioned within the episode, it could lose about 300 kilos.